Application of membrane separation technology in the food industry
Author：管理员 Dtime：2024-05-14 15:27:59 Browse (394)
Membrane technology is the use of natural or artificially synthesized polymer films driven by external energy potential differences (such as pressure difference, concentration difference, potential difference, temperature difference, etc.)
Membrane technology is the use of natural or artificially synthesized polymer films driven by external energy potential differences (such as pressure difference, concentration difference, potential difference, temperature difference, etc.) to effectively separate solutes and solvents of two or more components in the actual working process. On the basis of separation, it achieves graded purification, and finally achieves the enrichment of relevant solutes or solvents.
The membrane separation technology in application uses a selectively permeable membrane as the separation medium. When a certain driving force is generated on both sides of the membrane, the separation and purification can be achieved by selectively permeable components on the raw material side of the membrane.
Membrane separation technology has the following characteristics: strong selectivity, it is an efficient separation process; During the separation process, there is no phase change and energy consumption is low, so it is also known as energy saving technology; No heating or related chemical reactions are required during use; It has a wide range of applications and is suitable for organic matter, inorganic matter, solutions, etc; Easy to operate and low in cost.
1、 Overview of membrane separation technology
The commonly used membrane separation methods include microfiltration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, electrodialysis, gas separation, and pervaporation. Table 1 compares several main membrane separation processes and their transfer mechanisms, driving forces, permeates, and membrane types.
2、 Application of membrane separation technology in the food industry
After entering the 21st century, China's food industry has developed rapidly. With the development of China's economy, the country has proposed a sustainable development strategy and established an environmentally friendly society. Due to its low energy consumption, no pollution, and the advantages of preventing bacterial contamination and deactivation of thermosensitive substances, membrane separation technology has been widely applied in various fields of the food industry and has made certain progress, with good development prospects.
1. The application of membrane separation technology in the beverage industry
1) Application in the production of fruit and vegetable juice
The traditional processing technology of fruit and vegetable juice not only damages the flavor and nutrition, but also has high energy consumption and production costs. The increasing development of membrane separation technologies such as ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis has increased the feasibility of maintaining the original flavor and nutrients in the production of beverages such as fruit and vegetable juice.
2) The application of ultrafiltration in the production of fruit and vegetable juice
Fruits and vegetable juices remove bitterness. E. Hernandez et al. studied the combined process of ultrafiltration and divinylpolystyrene resin adsorption to remove bitterness from grapefruit juice. The results showed that due to the removal of some bitter precursor substances, macromolecular substances that are easily adsorbed by the resin, and suspended small particles during the ultrafiltration process, the service life and debittering efficiency of the resin were significantly improved. Naringin and citrine can be completely removed, significantly enhancing the flavor of the juice.
Clarify the juice. The application of ultrafiltration technology can produce stable clarified apple juice, remove macromolecular substances that are prone to causing turbidity and precipitation in apple juice, solve the problem of continuous operation, ensure the lasting stability of technical indicators such as color value and light transmittance, and is very beneficial for the export of concentrated green apple juice.
2. Application of membrane separation technology in concentrated fruit juice
Concentration is the most important process in fruit juice processing. Traditional fruit juice concentration mostly uses evaporation technology, and the thermosensitive substances and nutrients in fruit juice are easily damaged by high temperature. Therefore, membrane separation technology is used for fruit juice concentration, and the most commonly used is reverse osmosis technology. This technology has been successfully used for the concentration of fruit and vegetable juices such as apples, pears, citrus fruits, pineapples, grapes, tomatoes, and passion flowers. The separation permeation technology is suitable for the separation of low molecular weight inorganic or organic aqueous solutions with a relative molecular weight less than 500 when concentrating fruit juice. The operating pressure is 0.1-10MPa, which is relatively easy to control.
3. Application of membrane separation technology in water treatment in the beverage industry
The main component of a beverage is water, and the quality of water determines the quality of the beverage. By using membrane separation technology, other impurities in water can be effectively separated, greatly improving the quality of water and ensuring the quality of beverages.
4. Application of membrane separation technology in oil and fat processing
From the development of oil and fat processing technology, it was not until the 1980s and 1990s that some large advanced oil and fat enterprises began to use membrane separation technology. Now, they have achieved some gratifying research results in soybean protein extraction, rapeseed protein extraction and detoxification, oil refining, and other areas. The application in mixed oil pre separation, tail gas recovery, and deep processing of oil by-products has also attracted attention from research institutions and manufacturers.
1) Application in deacidification and decolorization.
The traditional deacidification process involves physical refining and chemical refining, which involves adding alkali to neutralize the free fatty acids in oil or removing them through distillation. Depigmentation refers to the use of the adsorption effect of active clay to remove pigments from oils and fats in order to achieve the goal of decolorization. The use of ultrafiltration technology can combine the deacidification and decolorization processes of fats and oils, eliminating many traditional processes and greatly improving oil yield. It can also reduce the amount of decolorized clay and the cost of treating waste clay, as well as reduce the loss of neutral fats absorbed by decolorized clay.
2) Application in the processing of oil by-products.
Preparation of Phospholipids: Membrane separation technology can directly prepare phospholipids from vegetable oil, which not only eliminates the degumming process in refining processes, but also eliminates the need for expensive rotary thin film evaporators.
5. Application of membrane separation technology in wine brewing
Membrane filtration is widely used in the wine production industry and is an essential operating unit. By using ultrafiltration to separate grape sediment, not only can it have a sterilizing and antibacterial effect, but it can also improve the quality of wine, making it clearer and adding a good taste.
Using ultrafiltration membrane to remove tartar and dead end filtration, with diatomaceous earth as the medium, through comparative research, it was found that the separation effect of tartar removal on tannin color in wine is better than that of diatomaceous earth filtration. For microbial filtration, tartar removal also has excellent results. Overall, the use of ultrafiltration membrane treatment technology can effectively improve the quality of wine, with a very good effect on retaining its aroma. While reducing the degree of loss of wine during the treatment process, it also increases the yield of finished wine.
6. Application of membrane separation technology in enzyme preparation concentration
Traditional evaporation and concentration have high energy consumption, and biological enzymes are prone to browning during the thermal phase change process. Ultrafiltration can effectively solve these problems, and has been applied in the production of enzyme preparations such as amylase, saccharifying enzyme, and protease. If a plate and frame membrane component is used for fungal protease concentration in the fermentation broth, after 20 hours of cyclic operation, 300L of the feed can be concentrated to 10L, and the enzyme recovery rate is 96%.
3、 Conclusion
From the above discussion, it can be seen that membrane separation technology has certain advantages in many fields of application, but it also has certain limitations. For example, membrane costs are relatively high, and these selective permeation membranes are generally made of chemical materials, which are difficult to degrade and may cause environmental pollution. But with the continuous progress of technology, we can definitely overcome these shortcomings and achieve a wider application of membrane separation technology in the food industry.
The membrane separation technology in application uses a selectively permeable membrane as the separation medium. When a certain driving force is generated on both sides of the membrane, the separation and purification can be achieved by selectively permeable components on the raw material side of the membrane.
Membrane separation technology has the following characteristics: strong selectivity, it is an efficient separation process; During the separation process, there is no phase change and energy consumption is low, so it is also known as energy saving technology; No heating or related chemical reactions are required during use; It has a wide range of applications and is suitable for organic matter, inorganic matter, solutions, etc; Easy to operate and low in cost.
1、 Overview of membrane separation technology
The commonly used membrane separation methods include microfiltration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, electrodialysis, gas separation, and pervaporation. Table 1 compares several main membrane separation processes and their transfer mechanisms, driving forces, permeates, and membrane types.
2、 Application of membrane separation technology in the food industry
After entering the 21st century, China's food industry has developed rapidly. With the development of China's economy, the country has proposed a sustainable development strategy and established an environmentally friendly society. Due to its low energy consumption, no pollution, and the advantages of preventing bacterial contamination and deactivation of thermosensitive substances, membrane separation technology has been widely applied in various fields of the food industry and has made certain progress, with good development prospects.
1. The application of membrane separation technology in the beverage industry
1) Application in the production of fruit and vegetable juice
The traditional processing technology of fruit and vegetable juice not only damages the flavor and nutrition, but also has high energy consumption and production costs. The increasing development of membrane separation technologies such as ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis has increased the feasibility of maintaining the original flavor and nutrients in the production of beverages such as fruit and vegetable juice.
2) The application of ultrafiltration in the production of fruit and vegetable juice
Fruits and vegetable juices remove bitterness. E. Hernandez et al. studied the combined process of ultrafiltration and divinylpolystyrene resin adsorption to remove bitterness from grapefruit juice. The results showed that due to the removal of some bitter precursor substances, macromolecular substances that are easily adsorbed by the resin, and suspended small particles during the ultrafiltration process, the service life and debittering efficiency of the resin were significantly improved. Naringin and citrine can be completely removed, significantly enhancing the flavor of the juice.
Clarify the juice. The application of ultrafiltration technology can produce stable clarified apple juice, remove macromolecular substances that are prone to causing turbidity and precipitation in apple juice, solve the problem of continuous operation, ensure the lasting stability of technical indicators such as color value and light transmittance, and is very beneficial for the export of concentrated green apple juice.
2. Application of membrane separation technology in concentrated fruit juice
Concentration is the most important process in fruit juice processing. Traditional fruit juice concentration mostly uses evaporation technology, and the thermosensitive substances and nutrients in fruit juice are easily damaged by high temperature. Therefore, membrane separation technology is used for fruit juice concentration, and the most commonly used is reverse osmosis technology. This technology has been successfully used for the concentration of fruit and vegetable juices such as apples, pears, citrus fruits, pineapples, grapes, tomatoes, and passion flowers. The separation permeation technology is suitable for the separation of low molecular weight inorganic or organic aqueous solutions with a relative molecular weight less than 500 when concentrating fruit juice. The operating pressure is 0.1-10MPa, which is relatively easy to control.
3. Application of membrane separation technology in water treatment in the beverage industry
The main component of a beverage is water, and the quality of water determines the quality of the beverage. By using membrane separation technology, other impurities in water can be effectively separated, greatly improving the quality of water and ensuring the quality of beverages.
4. Application of membrane separation technology in oil and fat processing
From the development of oil and fat processing technology, it was not until the 1980s and 1990s that some large advanced oil and fat enterprises began to use membrane separation technology. Now, they have achieved some gratifying research results in soybean protein extraction, rapeseed protein extraction and detoxification, oil refining, and other areas. The application in mixed oil pre separation, tail gas recovery, and deep processing of oil by-products has also attracted attention from research institutions and manufacturers.
1) Application in deacidification and decolorization.
The traditional deacidification process involves physical refining and chemical refining, which involves adding alkali to neutralize the free fatty acids in oil or removing them through distillation. Depigmentation refers to the use of the adsorption effect of active clay to remove pigments from oils and fats in order to achieve the goal of decolorization. The use of ultrafiltration technology can combine the deacidification and decolorization processes of fats and oils, eliminating many traditional processes and greatly improving oil yield. It can also reduce the amount of decolorized clay and the cost of treating waste clay, as well as reduce the loss of neutral fats absorbed by decolorized clay.
2) Application in the processing of oil by-products.
Preparation of Phospholipids: Membrane separation technology can directly prepare phospholipids from vegetable oil, which not only eliminates the degumming process in refining processes, but also eliminates the need for expensive rotary thin film evaporators.
5. Application of membrane separation technology in wine brewing
Membrane filtration is widely used in the wine production industry and is an essential operating unit. By using ultrafiltration to separate grape sediment, not only can it have a sterilizing and antibacterial effect, but it can also improve the quality of wine, making it clearer and adding a good taste.
Using ultrafiltration membrane to remove tartar and dead end filtration, with diatomaceous earth as the medium, through comparative research, it was found that the separation effect of tartar removal on tannin color in wine is better than that of diatomaceous earth filtration. For microbial filtration, tartar removal also has excellent results. Overall, the use of ultrafiltration membrane treatment technology can effectively improve the quality of wine, with a very good effect on retaining its aroma. While reducing the degree of loss of wine during the treatment process, it also increases the yield of finished wine.
6. Application of membrane separation technology in enzyme preparation concentration
Traditional evaporation and concentration have high energy consumption, and biological enzymes are prone to browning during the thermal phase change process. Ultrafiltration can effectively solve these problems, and has been applied in the production of enzyme preparations such as amylase, saccharifying enzyme, and protease. If a plate and frame membrane component is used for fungal protease concentration in the fermentation broth, after 20 hours of cyclic operation, 300L of the feed can be concentrated to 10L, and the enzyme recovery rate is 96%.
3、 Conclusion
From the above discussion, it can be seen that membrane separation technology has certain advantages in many fields of application, but it also has certain limitations. For example, membrane costs are relatively high, and these selective permeation membranes are generally made of chemical materials, which are difficult to degrade and may cause environmental pollution. But with the continuous progress of technology, we can definitely overcome these shortcomings and achieve a wider application of membrane separation technology in the food industry.
